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0-12个月的幼儿的感官活动,是如何有利于婴儿的健康发展的?

    为什么感官活动对

    0-12个月的幼儿来说十分重要?

    它是如何有利于婴儿的健康发展的?


    Why are Sensory Activities 

    important for 

    Healthy Infant Development 

    (0-12 Months ) ?



    感官对幼儿健康发展的重要性

    感官上的刺激是所有人类用来观察、体验和与周围世界互动的一个方式。 


    我们用我们的五感(听觉、视觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉)来了解我们身边的环境,而婴儿也是如此



    The Importance of 

    The Senses for Health Development 


    Sensory stimulation is how all humans observe, experience and interact with the world around them. We use our five senses (hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, tasting) to make sense of our surroundings, and babies are no different.  



    在婴儿出生的前面几周,在他们换尿布或者需要喂食的时间,他们会有一些听觉或嗅觉上感受暗示


    而当婴儿被妈妈抚摸和安慰的时候,婴儿会有视觉或触觉的暗示,他们知道妈妈是这是为了安慰他们


    In the first weeks of life, auditory or olfactory cues might signal an infant that it’s almost feeding time or changing diaper time. While visual or tactile cues might let a baby know that mommy is here to comfort them. 



    但是,婴儿是否会用和成年人一样的方式去看、听、尝、闻、来感受和体验世界呢?

    我们的回答不是的。当然,我们可以继续阅读,去了解一下婴儿世界里的视觉,听觉,味觉,触觉和嗅觉是什么样的。


    But do babies see, hear, taste, smell, feel and experience the world the way adults do?

    Well, the short answer is No.Read on to find out about what infants see, hear, taste, feel and smell.


    视觉

    婴儿只能在出生的前几周,用很近的距离才能看见事物,大约8-10英寸。婴儿对视觉感官上的刺激之后的反应,最早的迹象是眼球追踪。当婴儿受到视觉刺激下,他们会用他们的眼睛追随事物,这个动作被称为“跟踪”。 


    婴儿区分颜色的能力在这个年龄是有限的。因此,在这个时间段的婴儿,许多面向他们的书籍和玩具都是高对比度色彩的,比如黑白色图片等。 


    稍微年长一些的婴儿,当受到视觉刺激时,可能会被其他感官所吸引,比如把头转向新的声音或凝视成人友好的面部表情。再随着婴儿的成长,他们的视力范围会不断提高一直到2-3岁。


    听觉

    婴儿在怀孕期间会发展他们的听力。当胎儿仍在妈妈子宫内时,可能会对声音的刺激作出一些反应。


    而出生的婴儿,会在受到听觉刺激时,表现出对母亲或父亲的声音的一个偏好,他们对声音变化很敏感。相比较高的音和较低的音,他们更偏爱高音


    味觉和嗅觉

    婴儿有一种高度的嗅觉,他们甚至能闻到母乳和配方奶的区别。婴儿可以区分甜味和苦味,在最初的几个月,他们更喜欢甜味


    触觉

    由于触觉对婴儿和幼儿来说是必不可少和至关重要的,而且触摸有助于抚慰和安慰婴儿。所以用襁褓、拥抱或皮肤接触,可以为婴儿提供了很多刺激他们触觉的机会。



    Sight

    Infants can only see at a close range in the first few weeks of life, at about 8-10 inches. The earliest signs of response to stimuli in infants is eye-tracking. As infants are exposed to stimuli, they will follow it with their eyes; this action is called “tracking”


    An infant’s ability to differentiate between colour is limited at this age. As a result, manybooks and toys for young children are high-contrast black and white pictures. 


    An older infant might turn their head towards the sound of a new voice or gaze upon a friendly face. As a baby grows, their vision range will continue to improve until they are 2-3 years old. 


     

    Hearing

    Babies develop hearing during pregnancy. A fetus may respond to voice and sound stimulation while still in the womb. Infants show a preference for the sounds of their mother or father’s voices and are sensitive to sound changes. Infants often prefer higher-pitch sounds to low-pitch ones



    Smell and Taste

    Infants have a heightened sense of smell and can smell the difference between breast milk and formula. Infants can differentiate between tastes like sweet and bitter but prefer sweet flavours in the early months of life. 


    Touch

    The sense of touch is essential to infants and young children. Touch helps to soothe and comfort infants. Swaddling, hugs and skin-skin contact provide infants with the necessary opportunities to touch. 




    随着婴儿的成长和发展,他们对感觉的反应经历了不断的改进和变化。当它们通过环境的刺激、不同的体验认知以及身体上和精神上的成长成熟时,他们可以通过感官活动来区分和体验不同感官类型的刺激。


    那么,婴儿的感觉活动到底是什么呢?感官活动是指任何涉及五种感官的感官刺激类的活动和游戏,并以一种安全和适龄的方式呈现,如:声音上、视觉上、味觉上、触觉和嗅觉上的刺激。



    As infants grow and develop, their response to sensation undergoes refinement. As they interact with more environmental stimuli through maturity and experience cognitive and physical growth, they can differentiate and experience different types of stimuli through sensory activities.

     

    So, what exactly are sensory activities for infants? Sensory activities mean any play that involves sensory stimulation of the five senses: sound, sight, taste, touch and smell in a safe and age-appropriate manner. 




    0-6个月 | 宝宝的感官活动


    -给你的宝宝唱歌,以帮助提高他的听力技能,并给他们很多机会听你的声音。


    -在宝宝的婴儿床或玩具垫上方挂一个色彩高度对比的物件物品,以提供视觉上的刺激


    -给你的宝宝一个柔软的拨浪鼓,这样他们就可以探索发出声音和听到拨浪鼓发出的噪音。



    - 在不同的位置和你的宝宝玩耍,轻轻地触摸或挠你的宝宝,让他们笑。为皮肤皮肤接触提供很多机会。也可以 上下抬起你的宝宝,在不同的位置玩,并帮助培养他们的运动和平衡感


    -观察你的宝宝对受到触摸和听到声音的反应。鼓励你的孩子,经常对他们微笑,用一个大大的微笑和他们说话。


    -当更换婴儿的尿布,更换婴儿的衣服,或在喂养期间,可以与你的婴儿交谈,并说说介绍一下身体部位的名字




    -使用一个柔软的婴儿安全镜子,把它贴在你宝宝的婴儿床或游戏区域,让宝宝有更多的机会在镜子中看到自己,以获得视觉刺激


    -鼓励宝宝触摸和探索不同质地的柔软物体,如软棉、亚麻、羽毛、羊毛、灯芯绒和天鹅绒等。



    Sensory Activities 

    for 0-6 Months


    -Sing songs to your baby to help improve listening skills and give them lots of opportunities to listen to your voice. 


    -Hang a colourful or high-contrast mobile above your baby’s crib or their playmat to provide visual stimulation. 


    -Give your baby a soft rattle so they can explore making sounds and hearing the noise a rattle makes. 

     


    -Play with your baby in various positions, gently touch or tickle your baby to make them laugh. Provide lots of opportunity for skin-skin contact. Lift your baby up and down and play in different positions to help develop their sense of movement and balance. 


    -Observe how your baby reacts to touch and voice. Encourage your baby by frequently smiling at them and speaking to them with a big smile. 


    -When changing baby’s diaper, changing baby’s clothes, or during feeding, talk to your baby and say body part names. 


    -Use a soft baby-safe mirror, attach it to your baby’s crib or play area and invite your baby to see themselves in the mirror for visual stimulation. 


    -Encourage baby to touch and explore different textures of soft objects such as; soft cotton, linen, feathers, wool, corduroy and velvet. 




    6-12个月 | 宝宝的感官活动


    -给你的宝宝一些有质感或是有纹理可以变形的球球,邀请他用双手去自由探索物体

    -抽出时间与宝宝一起阅读幼儿的绘本,也可以用些触摸类型的绘本。在家中,可以让宝宝尝试翻页,观察书中的面孔,物品,形状或动物等。


    -让你的宝宝用各种姿势来观察环境,可以是趴在成人的肚子上,或者是坐着,爬着,或者扶站等。邀请您的宝宝观察一些形状不同,大小不同和纹理不同的物品,以及观察周围的环境。


     

    -也可以和你宝宝玩“捉迷藏”的游戏,比如用手遮住双眼逗宝宝笑等游戏。


    -把镜子放在婴儿床上,或游戏垫子上,或者他们的车座上。邀请你的宝宝观察他们在镜子里的自己是什么样子的


    -也可以通过玩水或玩沙子的游戏来探索新的触觉纹理。


    -可以鼓励你的孩子爬来爬去,爬上爬下,爬过家里的各种物体。

     

    -给到孩子更多的新的感官接触,可以通过介绍一些他没接触过的食物、玩具、衣服、海绵等。


    -持续或保持与家中爸爸/妈妈或者其他照顾者的皮肤接触,起到一个触觉刺激,给予宝宝安全感等,有利于他们的发展。


    Sensory Activities 

    for 6-12 Months


    -Give your baby textured balls to invite your baby to explore objects with two hands. 


    -Take time to read board baby books. Invite your baby to turn the pages and observe faces, shapes or animals. 




    - Let your baby observe the environment from various positions, lying on the tummy, sitting, crawling, or standing with assistance. Invite your baby to investigate the shapes, sizes, and textures of toys and surroundings.


    - Play peek-a-boo with your baby.


    - Place a mirror in your baby’s crib, play mat, or by their car-seat. Invite your baby to observe their reflection in the mirror


    - Enjoy exploring new textures through water or sand play. 


    -Encourage your baby to crawl over, under, and through various objects in your home.


    - Introduce your baby to new textures through food, toys, clothes, sponges, etc.


    - Continue to enjoy lots of skin-to-skin contact with mommy, daddy or other caregivers. 



    因此,我们可以和宝宝在家里一起尝试,很多类似上面所述的一些感官活动,并来培养他们的感官感觉发展,你一定会观察到宝宝成长的奇迹!


    Try these activities at home with your baby to nurture their sense and observe the wonders of your baby’s growing development!





    zui美托育园



    走进「白色城堡」,每个空间的线条,主视觉高度都在八十九公分的水平视线上。因为,空间是为了我们的宝宝量身打造的,小宝贝的视觉平均高度就是八十九公分。



    | 白色象征着孩子的纯洁

    | 白色是世界上能融入最多颜色的色彩,象征着包容

    | 在白色的空间中,孩子才是主角




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    全球托育家庭解决方案

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    Back to the Basics


    Tiny Hands 这个品牌是由中国早教之父-夏弘禹创办的。夏弘禹先生是美国“金宝贝(Gymboree)”早教的中国创始人。Tiny Hands是一所由国际设计团队精心打造的学校,在国际级美学环境中熏陶孩子0~6岁最关键的成长期,让孩子在充满人文,自然,美学的环境中成长是最好早期教育。Tiny Hands志在于丰富0-6岁孩子的生活体验,帮助孩子构建丰富的世界观、让孩子更适应未来日趋国际化的世界,及引导孩子的表达能力,沟通能力,想象力和创造力。




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    0-3 岁

    根据宝宝月龄划分不同阶段,宝宝在父母陪伴和专业老师引导下,通过游戏和互动的方式,潜移默化中提升宝宝的综合能力。

    EduCare 全日托 

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    EduCare注重“养”和“育”相结合,给宝宝及家庭提供真正有效果的早期教育解决方案,让年轻父母可以解放双手,实现自我价值,享受自己的生活,更是父母最安心的得力好帮手。

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    | 3-6 岁

    遵循现代教育规律,继承传统教育精髓,致力于培养3-6岁孩子的国文启蒙,美学素养和人文情怀。




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